Us3377217a us60071066a us3377217a us 3377217 a us3377217 a us 3377217a us 60071066 a us60071066 a us 60071066a us 3377217 a us3377217 a us 3377217a authority us united states prior art keywords ammonium nitrate nitromethane gelled detonation gelling agent prior art date 19661212 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. As the simplest organic nitro compound, it enjoys a wide variety of industrial applications, from a monopropellant, a liquid explosive, a solvent for chemical processing and analysis, to a highperformance fuel additive for internal combustion engines and pulsed detonation engines liu et al. A new approach for understanding and parenting easily frustrated, chronically inflexible children read ebook online pdf epub kindle,the explosive child. Pdf detonation in shocked homogeneous high explosives. Read reducing the threat of improvised explosive device. Nitromethane explosive with a foam and microspheres of air download pdf info publication number us3794534a. In many explosives the velocity of detonation is a function of the radius of the charge. Cfats covers all facilities with 400 lb of nitromethane regardless of concentration.
Apr 04, 2007 nitromethane has some odd properties, due to the singular weirdness of the nitro group the electronwithdrawing nature of the group makes it a decent acid. Black powder, for example, may burn in the open air. A multicomponent liquid explosive composition and method of mixing thereof. Selfreactive substances and solid desensitized explosives of division 4. Optical characterization of chemistry in shocked nitromethane with. Executive summary containing the threat from illegal. Explosives by meyer, kohler, and homburg mining and blasting. This, coupled with their free flowing properties and ability to detonate in small diameter bore holes. Explosive mixtures of nitromethane nm with solid particles are well. The book was published in multiple languages including english, consists of 305 pages and is available in hardcover format. Original title isbn 9780985174316 published on 2012627 in edition language. Us3239395a stabilized explosive containing nitromethane and. The explosive can be premixed, or for safetys sake, it can be mixed just prior to use by prefilling a charge container with nitromethane and then adding the sensitizer when ready to detonate.
A nitromethane composition sensitive to detonation by shock consisting essentially of nitromethane and a sensitizer represented by the formula where r is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, r1 and r2 can be hydrogen or alkyl, e. Download organic chemistry of explosives pdf genial ebooks. A new approach for understanding and parenting easily frustrated, chronically inflexible children book description the explosive child. The chemical, physical and physicochemical properties of explosives are dealt with, and processes of manufacture are described whenever the substance in question is of practical importance. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after. Us3794534a us3794534da us3794534a us 3794534 a us3794534 a us 3794534a us 3794534d a us3794534d a us 3794534da us 3794534 a us3794534 a us 3794534a authority us united states prior art keywords foam nitromethane cap microspheres detonate prior art date 19730220 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion.
The only place it can be found in any reasonable concentration is in model racing fuels. The previous sentence in parentheses was modified by the 14th amendment, section 2. Investigation of an accidental explosion in a nitromethane. Nitromethane nm is one of the simplest organic compound which belong to the class of secondary computational details explosives. Nitromethane and amine, stabilized explosive containing us. Report explosives please fill this form, we will try to respond as soon as possible. The apparatus is designed so that a weight of mass 3. To begin with, the approach described in these pages now has a name. With nitromethane, hydrazine forms an explosive salt that is. Explosive mixtures containing oxygenreleasing inorganic salts and water soluble fuels. A general theory of explosives is that the detonation of the explosives charge causes a highvelocity. Ross greene on a popular childrens saturday morning cartoon from a few years back, the animaniacs, there is a rare appearance by a character names katie kaboom. Clinical findings included hindlimb paralysis in rats in the 750 and 1500 ppm groups.
A new approach for understanding and parenting easily frustrated, chronically. Detonation velocities and critical diameters of nitromethane nm based explosive mixtures sensitized by glass. Hobbyists use the nitromethane based fuel primarily for radiocontrolled aircraft. Pdf a dft study on structural vibrational properties and. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.
Direct observation of detonation in compressed nitromethane. Pdf laserbased optical detection of explosives by paul m. Us3255057a sensitized ammonium nitrate explosives containing. Nitromethane and nitrocellulose, explosive gel from us patent 2690964. In view of this difficulty with the initial diamond ore explosive, other explosives were considered for project essex, the new designa tion for the continuation of the diamond ore program. Holthoff free download pdf is this material is helpful to you kindly share it 1. These criteria were used to define detonation and failure conditions in nitromethane and the. An improved classification scheme for standoff detection of explosives via raman spectroscopy. The development and manufacture of a gelled nitromethane.
Our explosives are readily mixed at the site by pouring the nitromethane, mixture of nitromethane with. This phenomenon is explained according to jones7 and eyring. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Welcome to the third edition of the explosive child. Temperature effects in the liquid explosive, nitromethane. Nitromethane alone, and in mixtures with methanol and other nitroparaffins, is used as a fuel by professional drag racers and hobbyists. The first edition of the novel was published in november 22nd 2011, and was written by janet evanovich. Us3255057a us315378a us31537863a us3255057a us 3255057 a us3255057 a us 3255057a us 315378 a us315378 a us 315378a us 31537863 a us31537863 a us 31537863a us 3255057 a us3255057 a us 3255057a authority us united states prior art keywords explosive ammonium nitrate explosives nitromethane alcohol prior art date 19631010 legal status the legal status is an.
Nitromethane can also be mixed with ammonium nitrate, which is used as an oxidizer, to form an explosive mixture known as annm. Most of these compounds are high explosives tnt, rdx, hmx, petn, npn, and ng, while others serve as propellants or specialty. Pdf modelling nitromethane combustion norbert eisenreich. The relevant void or hotspot sizes are thought to be of the order of tens to hundreds of micrometers. The composition, rheological structure and its detonation properties were presented in previous ict conferences.
Hypervelocity jet initiation threshold criteria of. The stq for nitromethane is 400 lb or approximately 42 gallons. Nitromethane explosives expedient weapons bev fitchetts guns. To achieve this, the trend proach in standoff detection of explosives, the algorithm added by the background florescence is first estimated was tested on real raman spectra collected, at a distance using another median filter as of 30 meters, from different quantities of the commonly used explosives nitromethane, tnt, dnt, tatp, hy. It is insensitive, safe to handle, used as storable monopropellant and as an additive fuel for the ground state properties are obtained combustion engines.
This explosive was chosen since it was believed that the opacity commonly observed2 in detonation gases was due to free carbon. Murrah federal building in oklahoma city in 1995that result in the death or injury of large numbers of innocent victims. Download hires imagedownload to mspowerpointcite this. We have studied shockinduced changes in homogeneous high explosives including nitromethane, tetranitromethane, and single crystals of pentaerythritol. Influence of glass microballoons size on the detonation of.
Explosive compositions in gelled form comprising ammonium nitrate, nitroparaflins such as nitromethane, nitroethane. The steps include a providing a powder consisting of aluminum preferably having an average particle size of 5 to 50 microns and a surface area of 0. For example, the commercial nman explosive called kinestik uses 64 grams nm and 160 grams an to make a halfpound stick. The reaction involves free radicals, including the alkoxyl radicals of the type. Even the use of nitromethane in conventional industry is now controlled. Interested readers are referred to the many excellent publications on the subject, which are available in english see, for example, the books by m. Pdf influence of glass microballoons size on the detonation. Federal explosives law and regulations bureau of alcohol. Nitromethane and nitrocellulose, explosive gel from us patent. Rats were exposed to 0, 94, 188, or 375 ppm nitromethane by inhalation,6 hrsday, 5 daysweek, for 2 years. Us31469a us78180a us7818060a us31469a us 31469 a us31469 a us 31469a us 78180 a us78180 a us 78180a us 7818060 a us7818060 a us 7818060a us 31469 a us31469 a us 31469a authority us united states prior art keywords nitromethane tetranitromethane mol percent nitrogen tetroxide liquid prior art date 19601223 legal status the legal status is an assumption and.
Download laserbased optical detection of explosives by paul m. The explosive child program a parent guide to the treatment of inflexible explosive children summarized and expanded by dr. Experimental observations of shockwaveinduced bubble. Pdf vibrational energy transfer in high explosives. Forensic analysis methodology for thermal and chemical.
Some additional information of an interesting character concerning the extremely explosive sodium and potassium compounds of nitromethane, is contributed to. A stephanie plum novel free ebook download pdf discover free books written by well knows writers. Organic chemistry of explosives is the first text to bring together the essential methods and routes used for the synthesis of organic explosives in a single volume. A good field test of any liquid explosive is filling a long plastic pipe with it and filming the detonation. Of particular concern in the united states are bombing incidentssuch as the bombing of the world trade center in new york city in 1993 and of the alfred p. Nitromethane is an improvised explosive device precursor iedp chemical that was used domestically in the terrorist truck bombing at the alfred p. This means points to the explosives initiation requirement, detonability, velocity, and critical diameter. Us3377217a gelled ammonium nitratenitromethane explosive. And to make it easier for people to understand and implement, there have also been a. Nitromethane was synthesized in 1872 by kolbe, but it is so insensitive. Pdf structural properties of solid nitromethane a density. A guidebook intended for use by first responders during. The reaction involves free radicals, including the alkoxyl radicals of the type ch 3 ch 2 ch 2 o, which arise via. Normally, the forensic examination of the preand postblast physical evidence lacks speci.
An explosion may occur without an explosive, that is, without any material which contains intrinsically the energy needful to produce the explosion. Pdf an improved classification scheme for standoff. Loading density an explosive s loading density ld is defined. Cook and the now nearly complete encyclopedia covering the whole explosive field, edited by seymour m. The main characters of this mystery, fiction story are stephanie plum. These formerly cheap twocomponent explosives are now prohibitively expensive, except as manufactured items e. Much has happened since the first edition was published in 1998. One graphic example of this was the use of nitromethane and ammonium nitrate in the oklahoma city bombing. This explosive, a composition of nitromethane, code no. This exothermic reaction produces the four industrially significant nitroalkanes. This liquid explosive can be used whenever or wherever a liquid can be used for dis guiseability. Gelled ammonium nitrate nitromethane explosive composition download pdf info publication number us3377217a. Free download organic chemistry of explosives in pdf. If the freerunning prills cannot be charged by pouring, e.
Nitromethane and amine, stabilized explosive containing us patent 3239395. The explosive nature of the sodium and potassium derivatives of. Johansson and sternhoff1 have shown that the detonation light from some tntbased explosives is suppressed under pressure from an externally produced shock wave. Detonation properties of explosive proppants based on. In recent years, explosives have been used maliciously in various ways for a variety of different reasons. Nitromethane is used as a model explosive, along with tnt. This means points to the explosive s initiation requirement, detonability, velocity, and critical diameter. Cole and 2002 bali nightclub bombings recommended in alqaedas traditional curriculum of explosives training frequently used in ieds in iraq can only be purchased domestically by legitimate buyers through explosives distributors. Characteristics of nitromethane for propulsion applications.
Rats were exposed to nitromethane by inhalation, 6 hrsday, 5 daysweek, for weeks. Improvised explosive devices ieds are a type of unconventional explosive weapon that can be deployed in a variety of ways, and can cause loss of life, injury, and property damage in. Summary reducing the threat of improvised explosive device. A nitromethane based explosive seemed appropriate because nitromethane has a welldefined eos and will detonate reproducibly at dilutions as high as 40 vol%.
Dec 28, 2020 this explosive is an improvement over conventional nman mixtures in that it is substantially nonvolatile, uses less nitromethane, and has a greatly extended shelf life. The explosive system considered is nitromethane gelled with pmma and with glass microballoons gmbs in suspension. A widely encountered type of heterogeneous explosive is plasticbonded explosive pbx, a mixture of explosive granules and binder material, which initiate via shock compression of porosity and wave interactions with impedance mismatches. Nitromethane is a colorless oily liquid with a slightly pungent odor. Table 21 selected attacks involving explosives from 1970 to 2016. Free download organic chemistry of explosives chemistry. Blast wave parameters for spherical explosives detonation in free air. For free running explosives, the density is often specified. Free download the chemistry of explosives 2e chemistry.
Download the explosive child pdf 2021 free books online 2020. Expired lifetime application number us605747a inventor edgar a laurence. Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to just nitro, is an organic compound with the chemical. Us6960267b1 multicomponent liquid explosive composition.
Free download or read online explosive eighteen pdf epub stephanie plum series book. This product contains a chemical known to the state of california to cause cancer. Expired lifetime application number us315378a inventor jerome s. Nitromethane thermalchemical signatures a b s t r a c t forensic identi. Pdf increased concentration of the nitromethyl acianion in. A systematic approach to elite speed and explosive strength performance by author cal dietz in pdf epub. As of today we have 78,663,344 ebooks for you to download for free. Assuming no prior knowledge, the book discusses everything from the simplest mixed acid nitration of toluene, to the complex synthesis of highly energetic caged nitro compounds.
Explosive mixtures containing sensitized nitromethane. A stephanie plum novel pdf books download free english books free download books online free download. Liquid explosives with transparent detonation products nature. The experimental hypervelocity jet initiation threshold criteria for neat nitromethane and homogeneous. The bulk density of a free running explosive poured from a bag or bulkloading truck is improved with good coupling along the side of the blasthole. Pdf thermodynamic properties of ideal gas nitro and. Energy transfer in the liquid high explosive nitromethane nm is studied by picosecond infrared pumping of ch. The density is somewhat modified by the particle sizes and fall height of the mix.
1347 516 18 396 901 1270 37 676 1442 332 1059 676 1143 1457 544 11 1377 365 708 384 495 648 112 533 1512 351 173 481 1256 638 158 1257